Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems — Article 690
The Texas outline lists "Photovoltaics" under Renewable Energy Technologies with 2–4 knowledge items and one calculation. The calculations are always the same two: maximum dc voltage (open-circuit voltage × the Table 690.7(A) cold-weather factor × modules in series) and maximum circuit current (short-circuit current × 125 %, then × 125 % again for conductor ampacity and OCPD sizing). The knowledge items live in rapid shutdown (690.12), disconnects (690.13/690.15), wiring (690.31) and grounding (690.41–690.47). Written from the 2026 text.
NFPA 70 National Electrical Code, 2026 edition · Reviewed 2026-09-19
The Texas outline lists "Photovoltaics" under Renewable Energy Technologies with 2–4 knowledge items and one calculation. The calculations are always the same two: maximum dc voltage (open-circuit voltage × the Table 690.7(A) cold-weather factor × modules in series) and maximum circuit current (short-circuit current × 125 %, then × 125 % again for conductor ampacity and OCPD sizing). The knowledge items live in rapid shutdown (690.12), disconnects (690.13/690.15), wiring (690.31) and grounding (690.41–690.47). Written from the 2026 text.
1. Scope, listing, general (Part I)
- 690.1: solar PV systems other than large-scale PV electric supply stations (Article 691); interactive with other sources, stand-alone, or both; ac or dc output.
- 690.2: listed or field-evaluated — electronic power converters, PV modules, ac modules and ac module systems, OCPDs used in PV dc circuits, dc combiners with OCPDs, PV rapid shutdown equipment (PVRSE), PV hazard control equipment/systems (PVHCE/PVHCS), dc circuit controllers, charge controllers, module grounding/bonding devices, Type PV wire, Type DG cable, manufactured DG wiring harnesses and PV mating connectors.
- 690.4: a PV system may supply a building in addition to any other supply; installed by qualified persons; multiple PV systems on one building need a 705.10 directory at each disconnect where remote from each other; PV equipment and disconnects are not installed in bathrooms; power converters may be in not-readily-accessible areas (disconnect per 690.15); floating PV identified as suitable; calculations round to the nearest whole number — fractions smaller than 0.5 dropped (690.4(G)).
- 690.6 ac modules: PV source-circuit rules do not apply (the inverter is internal); the output of an ac module or ac module system is an inverter output circuit.
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